Unit+10

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Define:

 * Genocide** - the deliberate killing of a large group of people, esp. those of a particular ethnic group or nation.


 * Ethnic Cleansing** - the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.


 * Eliminate** - completely remove or get rid of (something)


 * Establish** - set up (an organization, system, or set of rules) on a firm or permanent basis


 * Identify: **

21/22 September 1842 – 10 February 1918 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire last Ottoman Sultan to rule with absolute power
 * Abdulhamid II** -

16 August 1888 - 19 May 1935 British Army officer Had a role during the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916-18.
 * T. E. Lawrence** -

1881–10 November 1938 Founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first president extremely capable military officer during World War I
 * Atatürk** -

March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944 Shah of the Imperial Sate of Iran valued nationalism, militarism, secularism and anti-communism
 * Reza Shah Pahlavi** -

15 January 1876 – 9 November 1953 first monarch of The Third Saudi State Was the beginning of large-scale exploitation of that resource after World War II
 * Ibn Saud -**

//**
 * // Questions:
 * 1 - Why did the British support Arab nationalists during World War I?** Britain allied with Arab nationalists during World War I to undermine the control of the ruling Ottoman Empire, Britain's enemy.


 * 2 - In what ways did Atatürk try to break the power of Islam in Turkey? He tried eliminating Arabic elements from the Turkish language, adopting the Roman alphabet, and forcing people to change their last names, he tried to modernize farming, he abolished the caliphate, the women couldn't wear their veils and the men couldn't wear their Muslim hats.


 * 1) 3 - What were some of the changes that Reza Shah Pahlavi made in Persia? He reformed and modernized the government, military, and the economic system, encouraged Western-style education, and didn't allow women to wear veils in public


 * 1) 4 - Who determined the borders of most of the nations in the Middle East following World War I? The League of Nations


 * 1) 5 - What was the Balfour Declaration? What were some of its results?** It was a declaration that supported the idea of a national home for Jewish people in Palestine. The British promised that the rights of non-Jewish people in Palestine would be protected. Some of the results were that too many Jews were coming into Palestine. Tensions were becoming to increase between the Jews and the Muslims. The British tried to restrict the immigration of the Jews, but there were too many of them. After 1939, 75,000 Jews were in the country, and no more were allowed to enter.


 * Define** :


 * Aware - mindful: bearing in mind; attentive to **


 * Pan-Africanism** - Nationalistic movement which emphasized the unity of all Africans, and sought to end foreign control.


 * Mahatma** - an Indian person regarded with reverence or loving respect; a holy person or sage


 * Civil Disobedience** - a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination)


 * Zaibatsu** - Japanese term for ‘money clique’ or conglomerate, and sometimes used in the United States to refer to any large corporation


 * Integrity - an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting **


 * Identify:**

February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963 an American cicvil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor first African-American graduate of Harvard University head of the NAACP
 * W. E. B. DuBois -**

17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940 founder of the UNIA-ACl Promoted by the UNIA as a movement of //African Redemption//, "Our union must know no clime, boundary, or nationality… let us hold together under all climes and in every country"
 * Marcus Garvey -**

2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948 the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian Independence Movement. pioneered resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobediance commonly known around the world as Mahatma Gandhi or "Great Soul"
 * Mohandas Gandhi -**

14 November 1889–27 May 1964 an Indian Statesman first prime minister of India one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement
 * Jawaharlal Nehru -**

19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969 Vietnamese Communist Revolutionary prime minister and president of the democratic republic of Vietnam lost political power inside North Vietnam in the late 1950s
 * Ho Chi Minh -**


 * Questions:

How did an African American and a Jamaican in the United States influence many of the new African leaders in the 1920s and 1930s? They influenced Pan-Africanism, and they led a movement to make Africans aware of their cultural heritage.

In what ways were Gandhi’s and Nehru’s independence movements different? Grandi represented the traditional, religious, and Indian path. Nehru represented the modern, secular, and Western.

How did industrialization in Japan lead to the rise of militarism? During the 1930s, extremist patriotic organizations emerged, some as part of the military. In 1931, a group of army officers directed an invasion of Manchuria. The government opposed the move, but the people supported it. In time, the military and other supporters of Japanese expansion dominated the government.

What was the Comintern?** a worldwide organization of Communist parties dedicated to revolution

Part 3

 * Define:

guerrilla tactics - the irregular warfare and combat in which a small group of combatants use mobile military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger and less mobile formal army.

pursue - quest for: go in search of or hunt for

constitutional - built-in: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

redistribution of wealth -** the shift of wealth from a rich minority to a poor minority


 * Identify:**

12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925 a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader. played an instrumental role in inspiring the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty first provisional president of the Republic of China
 * Sun Yat-sen -

Chiang Kai-shek - October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975 political and military leader of 20th century China Sun Yat-sen's ally commandant of Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy

Shanghai Massacre - April 12, 1927 a large-scale purge of Communists from the Kuomintang (KMT) in Shanghai, ordered by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek on 12 April 1927, during the Northern Expedition against the warlords.

Mao Zedong - December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976 a Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 contribution to Marxism-Lenism

****Questions:

What two parties formed an alliance in 1923 to drive the imperialist powers out of China? Chinese Communist Party and Nationalist Party

How did Mao Zedong believe that a Chinese revolution would take place? he believed that the Chinese Revolution would come from rural peasants rather than the urban working class.

What was the Long March? a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Party, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. **


 * What was the New Life Movement? What were some of its goals?** it was a movement that promoted Confucian ideals and rejected the individualism and greed of Western Capitalism. Chiang tried to blend modern Western industrialization with traditional Confucian values of hard work, obedience, and integrity.