Unit+11

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Part 1
//**
 * // Define:
 * Labor** - activity involving mental or physical effort to achieve a purpose or result


 * Demilitarized** - remove all military forces from


 * Appeasement** - pacify: cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of


 * Achieve** - reach or attain by effort, skill, or courage


 * Conference** - a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion


 * New Order** - the name used to denote the political, economic, and social system which the Nazis hoped to establish in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s.


 * Assume** - take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof


 * Sanction** - formal and explicit approval


 * // Identify //**

absolute dictator of Germany from 1934 to 1945 He invaded Poland in 1935 committed suicide in 1945.
 * Adolf Hitler** -

**Benito Mussolini - 40th prime minister of Italy Formed an alliance with Adolf Hitler Executed 1945

****Joseph Stalin****: (1878-1953) Soviet Dictator Signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany Pact broken in 1941. Stalin and Britain made agreements Death: ingested warfarin (a rat poison that hardens in the blood) causing a stroke.

****Chiang Kai-shek****: (1928-1975) Wartime leader, after the invasion of Manchuria, he resigned as Chairman of the national government President of Taiwan Suffered a major heart and pneumonia months before dying of renal failure with advanced cardiac malfunction at the age of 87

**// **Questions** //

**Why did Great Britain give in to so many of Hitler’s demands? A: They wanted to avoid a second world war.

When Germany signed the nonaggression pact with the Soviets, what dilemma did this create for Japan? A: 23 August, 1939. Japan had to rethink their goals. They did not have the resources to defeat the Soviet union by themselves and instead turned their attention to raw materials to fuel their military machine.

List the reasons why Hitler’s pact with Stalin was a key factor in forcing Britain and France to declare war on Germany. A: German forces invaded Poland and 2 days later, France ad Britain declared war on Germany.

Create a chart, listing in chronological order the agreements that emboldened Hitler in his aggressive expansion policies. A: Convinced people of the The Treaty of Versailles that Germany just wanted their rightful place among the European states. Announced the creation of a new air force. Also began a military draft that would expand Germany's army from 100,00 to 550,000. Taking these step were in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was warned against future aggressive steps by the UK, France and Italy but these countries were distracted by their internal problem of the Great Depression.

Create a chart listing examples of Japanese aggression and German aggression prior to the outbreak of World War II. A: GERMANY Hitler Convinced people of the The Treaty of Versailles that Germany just wanted their rightful place among the European states. Announced the creation of a new air force. Also began a military draft that would expand Germany's army from 100,00 to 550,000. Taking these step were in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was warned against future aggressive steps by the UK, France and Italy but these countries were distracted by their internal problem of the Great Depression. ** JAPAN September 1931, soldiers had seized Manchuria. "Mukden Incident"- carried out by Japanese disguised as Chinese


 * Trace Hitler's acts of aggression during these years:**

**September 1, 1939**: Hitler addressed the German Reichstag
 * March 7, 1936**: Hitler Sent troops into the Rhineland.
 * March 13, 1938:** Hitler annexed Austria to Germany.
 * September 15, 1938**: Hitler demanded that Germany be given Sudetenland.
 * March 1939**: Hitler invaded and took control of Bohemia and Moravia in western Czechoslovakia.
 * June 6 1944:** D Day
 * January 27 1945**: Discovery of the Holocaust

Part 2

 * // Define //**:


 * blitzkrieg** - an intense military campaign meant to bring about a swift victory


 * isolationism -** a policy of remaining apart form the affairs or interests of other groups, esp. political affairs


 * neutrality -** nonparticipation in a dispute or war

**indefinite -** Without limit; forever, or until further notice; not definite; Vague or unclear; Undecided or uncertain; An integral without specified limits

**partisan -** a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person


 * // Identify //**


 * Franklin D. Rooseve****lt** - (1882-1945) He was the longest serving president, and served during the entire length of WWII. He launched the New Deal, a plan to pull America out of the depression.


 * Douglas MacArthur -** (1880-1964) An American general and field officer of the Philippine army. He was awarded a Medal of Honor for defending the Philippines from Japanese invasion.


 * Winston Churchill -** (1874 - 1965) A British politician who served as Prime Minister from 1940-1945. He helped lead the British army to victory in World War II, and he was known for his inspiring speeches.


 * Harry S. Truman -** (1884 - 1972) He was the 33rd president, and he succeeded FDR in 1945 following his assassination. He overcame many low expectations, but was still the least popular president up until then.


 * // Questions //**


 * What prevented Roosevelt from responding to British appeals for help in 1940?** He didn't want to take sides in European war and had felt the the reason they were pulled into WW1 was because of the economic involvement in Europe.


 * When the Japanese attacked American bases, what did they hope to accomplish? Were their ideas correct?** They wanted to accomplish liberation of the colonial areas of Southeast Asia from Western colonial rule. Their ideas were not correct because they thought the US was now unable to fight, but the US wanted in the war and teamed up with European nations and Nationalist China to defeat Japan.


 * What was the turning point of the war in Asia****?** The Battle of Midway Island


 * How did President Truman bring the war to an end?** Using the atomic bombs.


 * Explain Hitler’s strategy of attacking the Soviet Union. Why did his delay in launching the attack ultimately contribute to the Soviet victory over the Germans?** He wanted Europe out of the war. He believed the reason they were still in it was because Europe expected Soviet support. He planned for a Spring invasion but the delay had pushed it towards November. Due to the plan for the spring invasion, Germany had no winter clothes and the Soviet resistance halted Germany's attack.

Part 3

 * // Define: //**


 * Implement - A tool or instrument for working with; to bring about; to put into practice; to carry out; to do

****Genocide** - systematic killing of a racial or cultural group


 * Adjust - alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard

****Collaborator** **- an associate in an activity or endeavor or sphere of common interest

**// Identify //

(1900-1945) Leader of the SS Put in charge of German resettlement plans in the east Suicide in 1945
 * Heinrich Himmler**:

(1904-1942) Head of SS's Security Service Created Einsarzgruppen (to carry out plans of the Nazi's for the extermination of the jews) Assassinated in Prague on the way to a meeting with Hitler in Berlin.
 * Reinhard Heydrich**:


 * Resettlement****: Making people move and settle in a different place.

****Forced labor****: Make new machines for the Nazis against their will.

****Final Solution:** ** Genocide of the Jews.

****Einsatzgruppen:** ** Plans to carry out the extermination of the Jews.

****Death camps****: Where Jews were sent to be killed. **

//** **
 * // Questions:
 * How did the use of forced labor cause problems for Germany?** ** It disrupted industrial production in countries that could have helped Germany. More and more people resisted the Nazis because recruiting workers was so brutal.
 * Why did the Holocaust continue until the end of the war?** The Holocaust wasn't discovered until January 7, 1945. The war was almost over and there were death camps placed everywhere almost so it took time to locate everyone of them.


 * How did the Japanese gain support of people in occupied territories?** Why did they eventually loose this support? ** The people took the Japanese promises and agreed to cooperate with Japanese authorities. Japan's little respect for their people and the violating days after their conquest of Nanjing, China and then the conquest of Korea where almost 800,000 Koreans were pushed to forced labor is probably one of the factors into why they lost support. **


 * Part 4 **

impact: the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another kamikaze: a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. alternative: available as another possibility Cold War:** the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the U.S.-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990.
 * // Define: //**
 * mobilization: prepare and organize (troops) for active service

**// Identify: //

Albert Speer: (1905-1981) Hitler's Architect Minister for armaments and munitions Tripled armaments in one year despite air raids Died of a stroke

General Hideki Tojo:** Prime minister of Japan Opposed female employment Switched women laborers out for Chinese and Korean laborers Executed by hanging on December 23. **
 * (1884-1948)


 * Soviet Union**: ** Widespread military and industrial. 78,000 tanks and 98,000 artillery pieces

United States:** Led to some social turmoil. New factories creating boomtowns


 * Germany**: ** Mobilization came too late

Japan:** Highly mobilized society. created a planning board to control prices, wages, labor and resources.


 * // Questions: //**


 * How were women used in the war effort in Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States? Many women worked in the textile industry and farmed in Japan. In Germany, most women did not want jobs. Women were in the military service in the United States, and in the Soviet Union, women and girls worked in industries, mines and railroads. **


 * What was the theory behind the bombing of civilians? Did this theory prove to be right or wrong?** ** That the bombing of civilian targets would force peace onto them. This was proven wrong.

Why did Stalin object to free elections in Eastern Europe?** ** He thought that if government positions were freely elected that it would be "anti-soviet" and he didn't agree with it.

List examples of Japan’s vulnerability to Allied air attack in late 1944. What type of U.S. aircraft was used for the heaviest bombing of Japanese targets? It's overcrowded cities being built of flimsy materials and their air force had almost been destroyed. U.S. B-29 Superfortress. **